684
September 2015
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING & REMOTE SENSING
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING
& REMOTE SENSING
J
ournal
S
taff
Publisher
Dr. Michael Hauck
Editor
Russell G. Congalton
Technical Editor
Michael S. Renslow
Assistant Editor
Jie Shan
Assistant Director — Publications
Rae Kelley
Electronic Publications Manager/Graphic Artist
Matthew Austin
Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
is the official journal
of the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. It is
devoted to the exchange of ideas and information about the applications of
photogrammetry, remote sensing, and geographic information systems. The
technical activities of the Society are conducted through the following Technical
Divisions: Geographic Information Systems, Photogrammetric Applications,
Lidar, Primary Data Acquisition, Professional Practice, and Remote Sensing
Applications. Additional information on the functioning of the Technical
Divisions and the Society can be found in the Yearbook issue of
PE&RS
.
Correspondence relating to all business and editorial matters pertaining to
this and other Society publications should be directed to the American Society
for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210,
Bethesda, Maryland 20814-2144, including inquiries, memberships, sub-
scriptions, changes in address, manuscripts for publication, advertising, back
issues, and publications. The telephone number of the Society Headquarters is
301-493-0290; the fax number is 301-493-0208; web address is
PE&RS
.
PE&RS
(ISSN0099-1112) is published monthly by the American So-
ciety for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite
210, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-2144. Periodicals postage paid at Bethesda,
Maryland and at additional mailing offices.
SUBSCRIPTION
.
For the 2014 subscription year, ASPRS is offering two op-
tions to our
PE&RS
subscribers -- an e-Subscription and the print edition.
E-subscribers can plus-up their subscriptions with printed copies for a small
additional charge. Print subscriptions are on a calendar-year basis that runs
from January through December. Electronic subscriptions run for twelve
months on an anniversary basis. We recommend that customers who choose
both e-Subscription and print (e-Subscription + Print) renew on a calen-
dar-year basis. The new electronic subscription includes access to ten years’
of digital back issues of
PE&RS
for online subscribers through the same
portal at no additional charge. Please see the Frequently Asked Questions
about our journal subscriptions.
The rate of the e-Subscription (digital) Site License Only for USA and
Foreign: $899.00; e-Subscription (digital) Site License Only for Canada*:
$944.00;
Special Offers:
e-Subscription (digital) Plus Print for the USA:
$1,160.00; e-Subscription (digital) Plus Print Canada*: $1,224.00; e-Sub-
scription (digital) Plus Print Outside of the USA: $1,175.00; Printed-Sub-
scription Only for USA: $959.00; Printed-Subscription Only for Canada*:
$1,013.00; Printed-Subscription Only for Other Foreign: $974.00. *Note:
e-Subscription/Printed-Subscription Only/e-Subscription Plus Print for Can-
ada include 5% of the total amount for Canada’s Goods and Services Tax
(GST #135123065).
POSTMASTER
.
Send address changes to
PE&RS
, ASPRS Headquarters, 5410
Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-2144. CDN CPM
#(40020812)
MEMBERSHIP
.
Membership is open to any person actively engaged in the
practice of photogrammetry, photointerpretation, remote sensing and geo-
graphic information systems; or who by means of education or profession
is interested in the application or development of these arts and sciences.
Membership is for one year, with renewal based on the anniversary date
of the month joined. Membership Dues include a 12-month subscription to
PE&RS
. Subscription is part of membership benefits and cannot be deducted
from annual dues. Beginning with the January 2014 issue of
PE&RS
, all
members outside of the USA will receive access to the full digital edition of
the journal rather than the printed copy. Dues for ASPRS Members outside
of the U.S. will now be the same as for members residing in the U.S. Annual
dues for Regular members (Active Member) is $150; for Student members it
is $50 for USA and Canada; $60 for Other Foreign (E-Journal – No hard copy
for all Students); for Associate Members it is $100 (member must be under
the age of 35, see description on application in the back of this Journal). A
tax of 5% for Canada’s Goods and Service Tax (GST #135123065) is applied
to all members residing in Canada
COPYRIGHT 2015
. Copyright by the American Society for Photogrammetry
and Remote Sensing. Reproduction of this issue or any part thereof (except
short quotations for use in preparing technical and scientific papers) may be
made only after obtaining the specific approval of the Managing Editor. The
Society is not responsible for any statements made or opinions expressed
in technical papers, advertisements, or other portions of this publication.
Printed in the United States of America.
PERMISSION TO PHOTOCOPY
.
The appearance of the code at the bottom of the
first page of an article in this journal indicates the copyright owner’s consent
that copies of the article may be made for personal or internal use or for the
personal or internal use of specific clients. This consent is given on the condi-
tion, however, that the copier pay the stated per copy fee of $3.00 through the
Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, Massachu-
setts 01923, for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the
U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying,
such as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional pur-
poses, for creating new collective works, or for resale.
SAVE THE DATE FOR THE ASPRS
2016 ANNUAL CONFERENCE
The ASPRS 2016 Annual
Conference, IGTF 2016, is
just around the corner, so
mark your calendars now
and Save the Dates of April
11 – 15, 2016 for IGTF
2016! Beginning on Mon-
day, April 11th and continu-
ing through the week with
sessions, keynote speakers,
networking receptions, the
co-located JACIE Work-
shop and much more until
Friday, April 15, 2016; the
conference week is sure to
provide many educational, informational, and networking op-
portunities for all attendees.
The IGTF 2016 will be held in Fort Worth, Texas, “The City
of Cowboys and Culture”. All conference sessions and plena-
ries will be held at the Fort Worth Convention Center, located
in the downtown heart of Fort Worth. Only steps from the
Fort Worth Convention Center, the Omni Fort Worth Hotel
will serve as the headquarters hotel for conference attendees.
The Sheraton Fort Worth Hotel and Spa has also been re-
served for conference attendees to choose for accommodations
during the conference week.
Fort Worth was once a rough and tumble frontier town,
dusty and lawless, home to the brave and the brawling, the
soldier, the frontiersman, the outlaw. Today, Fort Worth is
the one of the largest cities in Texas and the 16th largest city
in the United States. It’s a destination shaped by a commit-
ment to its downtown revitalization and urban renewal, a
dedication to its world renowned cultural arts district, rich
pride in its Western heritage and a loyalty to major league
attractions. And ASPRS is proud and very excited to be hold-
ing the IGTF 2016 and co-located JACIE Workshop in Fort
Worth, Texas, “The City of Cowboys and Culture”.
Save the Dates!
April 11 -15, 2016 for
IGTF 2016 – ASPRS Annual Conference in
Fort Worth, Texas!
A conference website and further details are coming soon
and all information will be made available through the ASPRS
website at
Heather Staverman, CMP
Assistant Communications Director and Meetings Manager
