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September 2014
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING & REMOTE SENSING
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING
& REMOTE SENSING
J
ournal
S
taff
Publisher
Dr. Michael Hauck
Editor
Russell G. Congalton
Technical Editor
Michael S. Renslow
Assistant Editor
Jie Shan
Assistant Director — Publications
Rae Kelley
Electronic Publications Manager/Graphic Artist
Matthew Austin
Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
is the official journal
of the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. It is
devoted to the exchange of ideas and information about the applications of
photogrammetry, remote sensing, and geographic information systems. The
technical activities of the Society are conducted through the following Technical
Divisions: Geographic Information Systems, Photogrammetric Applications,
Lidar, Primary Data Acquisition, Professional Practice, and Remote Sensing
Applications. Additional information on the functioning of the Technical
Divisions and the Society can be found in the Yearbook issue of
PE&RS
.
Correspondence relating to all business and editorial matters pertaining to
this and other Society publications should be directed to the American Society
for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210,
Bethesda, Maryland 20814-2144, including inquiries, memberships, sub-
scriptions, changes in address, manuscripts for publication, advertising, back
issues, and publications. The telephone number of the Society Headquarters is
301-493-0290; the fax number is 301-493-0208; web address is
.
PE&RS.
PE&RS
(ISSN0099-1112) is published monthly by the American
Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite
210, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-2144. Periodicals postage paid at Bethesda,
Maryland and at additional mailing offices.
SUBSCRIPTION
.
For the 2014 subscription year, ASPRS is offering two
options to our
PE&RS
subscribers -- an e-Subscription and the print edition.
E-subscribers can plus-up their subscriptions with printed copies for a small
additional charge. Print subscriptions are on a calendar-year basis that runs
from January through December. Electronic subscriptions run for twelve
months on an anniversary basis. We recommend that customers who choose
both e-Subscription and print (e-Subscription + Print) renew on a calendar-year
basis. The new electronic subscription includes access to ten years’ of digital
back issues of
PE&RS
for online subscribers through the same portal at no
additional charge.
Please see the Frequently Asked Questions about our
journal subscriptions.
The rate of the e-Subscription (digital) Site License Only for USA and For-
eign: $2000; e-Subscription (digital) Site License Only for Canada*: $2100;
Special Offers:
e-Subscription (digital) Plus Print for the USA: $2,160;
e-Subscription (digital) Plus Print Canada*: $2,273.25; e-Subscription (dig-
ital) Plus Print Outside of the USA: $2,175; Printed-Subscription Only for
USA: $660; Printed-Subscription Only for Canada*: $762; Printed-Sub-
scription Only for Other Foreign: $735. *Note: e-Subscription/Printed-Sub-
scription Only/e-Subscription Plus Print for Canada include 5% of the total
amount for Canada’s Goods and Services Tax (GST #135123065).
POSTMASTER
.
Send address changes to
PE&RS
, ASPRS Headquarters, 5410
Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-2144. CDN CPM
#(40020812)
MEMBERSHIP
.
Membership is open to any person actively engaged in the prac-
tice of photogrammetry, photointerpretation, remote sensing and geographic
information systems; or who by means of education or profession is interested
in the application or development of these arts and sciences. Membership is
for one year, with renewal based on the anniversary date of the month joined.
Membership Dues include a 12-month subscription to
PE&RS
. Subscription
is part of membership benefits and cannot be deducted from annual dues.
Beginning with the January 2014 issue of
PE&RS
, all members outside of the
USA will receive access to the full digital edition of the journal rather than the
printed copy. Dues for ASPRS Members outside of the U.S. will now be the
same as for members residing in the U.S. Annual dues for Regular members
(Active Member) is $150; for Student members it is $50 for USA and Canada;
$60 for Other Foreign (E-Journal – No hard copy for all Students); for Associate
Members it is $100 (member must be under the age of 35, see description on
application in the back of this Journal). A tax of 5% for Canada’s Goods and
Service Tax (GST #135123065) is applied to all members residing in Canada
COPYRIGHT 2014
. Copyright by the American Society for Photogrammetry
and Remote Sensing. Reproduction of this issue or any part thereof (except
short quotations for use in preparing technical and scientific papers) may be
made only after obtaining the specific approval of the Managing Editor. The
Society is not responsible for any statements made or opinions expressed in
technical papers, advertisements, or other portions of this publication. Printed
in the United States of America.
PERMISSION TO PHOTOCOPY
.
The appearance of the code at the bottom of
the first page of an article in this journal indicates the copyright owner’s
consent that copies of the article may be made for personal or internal use
or for the personal or internal use of specific clients. This consent is given on
the condition, however, that the copier pay the stated per copy fee of $3.00
through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers,
Massachusetts 01923, for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or
108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kinds of
copying, such as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional
purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale.
LETTER FROM MIKE RENSLOW,
CHAIR ASPRS EVALUATION FOR
CERTIFICATION COMMITTEE
ASPRS CERTIFICATION PROGRAM:
BACKGROUND AND UPDATE
Background
Forty years ago the ASPRS Evaluation
for Certification Committee was being
developed
and
started
certifying
photogrammetrists in early 1975. The
intent of ASPRS certification was (and
still is) focused on certifying individuals
for recognition on successfully completing
a process established by their peers
distinguishing themselves from the
general body of practitioners in their field. In the last forty years,
the ASPRS Certification Program has dramatically grew as science
and technology have changed and now encompasses the geospatial
sciences.
With the advent of satellite imagery and remote sensing in the
early 1980s, the program added a new certification for Certified
Mapping Scientist-Remote Sensing. This was followed by the
emergence of GIS which resulted in a Certified Mapping Scientist-
GIS/LIS in the early 1990s. The ‘Certified Mapping Scientist’
designation reflects that applicants must have a working knowledge
of photogrammetry, remote sensing, and GIS (plus earth science,
standards, ethics, and practice issues) no matter what is applied for.
Until 1999, the ASPRS certification process was based on peer
review of an application and four confidential references. In the mid-
1990s, the Committee made a decision to add an examination to the
process in keeping with similar science and engineering certification
programs conducted by like organizations. Developing the three
examinations took three years, and became required in January
1999.
In response to practitioners performing routine technical activities,
a ‘Technologist’ certification was added in 2003 for photogrammetry,
remote sensing, and GIS. This program provides certification for
entry-level positions, technically focused operations, and possibly as
a career development process.
In 2008, ASPRS added the Geospatial Intern Program (formerly
termed provisional certification) for graduating students, so that
when they graduate, they can be recognized for their achievements,
training, and commitment to the geospatial field. Fundamentally, the
certification requirements are the same, but the order of completion
is different. So, with an application with one reference, a portion of
the fee, applicants may take the exam, and if they pass, can start
accruing the required job experience towards full certification.
Accreditation
In 2011, ASPRS joined the Council of Engineering and Scientific
Specialty Boards (CESB) as a board member with the goal of having
the ASPRS Certification Program accredited. Since 1990, CESB
has provided accreditation of certification programs for ASPRS-like
organizations such as NSPS and ASCE. To comply with CESB’s
requirements and go through the review process, ASPRS achieved
