8
January 2014
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING & REMOTE SENSING
Table 1. Satellite SAR sensors capable of deformation mapping
Mission
Agency Period of
Operation
Orbit
Repeat
Cycle (days)
Band/
Frequency
(GHz)
Wave-
length
(cm)
Incidence Angle
(°) at Swath
Center
Resolution
(m)
Seasat
NASA
1
6/1978 -
10/1978
17
L-band/
1.275
23.5
23
25
ERS-1
ESA
2
7/1991
-
3/2000
3, 168, and
35
3
C-band/
5.3
5.66
23
30
JERS-1
JAXA
4
2/1992 -
10/1998
44
L-band/
1.275
23.5
39
20
ERS-2
ESA 4/1995 - 7/2011
35, 3
5
C-band/5.3 5.66
23
30
Radarsat-1
CSA
6
11/1995 - 2013
24
C-band/
5.3
5.66
10-60
10-100
Envisat
ESA 3/2002 - 4/212 35 and 30
7
C-band/
5.331
5.63
15-45
20-100
ALOS
JAXA 1/2006 - 5/2011
46
L-band/
1.270
23.6
8-60
10-100
TerraSAR-X
DLR
8
6/2007 -
present
11
X-band/
9.65
3.11
20-55
0.24-260
Radarsat-2
CSA
12/2007 -
present
24
C-band/
5.405
5.55
10-60
3-100
COSMO-SkyMed
ASI
9
6/2007 -
present
1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9,
12 and 16
10
X-band/
9.6
3.12
20-60
1-100
RISAT-2
11
ISRO
12
4/2009 -
present
14
X-band/ 9.59 3.13
20-45
1-8
TanDEM-X
13
DLR
6/2010 -
present
11
X-band/
9.65
3.11
20-55
1-16
RISAT-1
14
ISRO 4/2012 -
present
25
C-band/ 5.35 5.61
15-50
3-50
1
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
2
European Space Agency
3
To accomplish various mission objectives, the ERS-1 repeat cycle was 3 days from July 25, 1991 to April 1, 1992 and from December
23, 1993 to April 9, 1994; 168 days from April 10, 1994 to March 20, 1995; and 35 days at other times.
4
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
5
ERS-2 repeat cycle was mainly 35 days. During the few months before the end of the mission, ERS-2 repeat cycle was changed to 3
days to match the 3-day-repeat ERS-1 phases in 1991-1992 and 1993-1994.
6
Canadian Space Agency
7
ENVISAT repeat cycle was 35 days from March 2002 to October 2010, and 30 days from November 2010 to April 2012.
8
German Space Agency
9
Italian Space Agency
10
A constellation of 4 satellites, each of which has a repeat
cycle of 16 days, can collectively produce repeat-pass InSAR
images at intervals of 1 day, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 and 12 days, respec-
tively.
11
Radar Imaging Satellite-2
12
Indian Space Research Organization
13
TerraSAR Add-on for Digital Elevation Measurements
14
Radar Imaging Satellite-1
Average deformation rate of Hong Kong Disneyland from multi-tempo-
ral InSAR processing.
