88
February 2015
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING & REMOTE SENSING
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING
& REMOTE SENSING
J
ournal
S
taff
Publisher
Dr. Michael Hauck
Editor
Russell G. Congalton
Technical Editor
Michael S. Renslow
Assistant Editor
Jie Shan
Assistant Director — Publications
Rae Kelley
Electronic Publications Manager/Graphic Artist
Matthew Austin
Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
is the official journal
of the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. It is
devoted to the exchange of ideas and information about the applications of
photogrammetry, remote sensing, and geographic information systems. The
technical activities of the Society are conducted through the following Technical
Divisions: Geographic Information Systems, Photogrammetric Applications,
Lidar, Primary Data Acquisition, Professional Practice, and Remote Sensing
Applications. Additional information on the functioning of the Technical
Divisions and the Society can be found in the Yearbook issue of
PE&RS
.
Correspondence relating to all business and editorial matters pertaining to
this and other Society publications should be directed to the American Society
for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210,
Bethesda, Maryland 20814-2144, including inquiries, memberships, sub-
scriptions, changes in address, manuscripts for publication, advertising, back
issues, and publications. The telephone number of the Society Headquarters is
301-493-0290; the fax number is 301-493-0208; web address is
.
PE&RS
.
PE&RS
(ISSN0099-1112) is published monthly by the American So-
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COPYRIGHT 2015
. Copyright by the American Society for Photogrammetry
and Remote Sensing. Reproduction of this issue or any part thereof (except
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LETTER FROM CLIFFORD J.
MUGNIER, CP, CMS, FASPRS,
LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY
Dear Readers,
Aerial Photogrammetry has progressed
during the 20
th
century from a science-
based art to a purely analytical tool
utilized by a plethora of scientists
specialized in fields traditionally
separate from photogrammetry. Hand-
held film cameras utilized in open-air
cockpit airframes have been replaced by
gyro-stabilized digital imaging sensors,
and map compilation has progressed
from anaglyph-viewed “dot pushing” to
auto-correlated softcopy systems. The historical account of Jack
Sherman’s career with Robinson Aerial Surveys, Inc. is a narrative
of the development of modern photogrammetric instrumentation
and techniques. The firm was established two years after the
founding of the American Society of Photogrammetry, and
initial work consisted of the now-standard aerial inventory of
agricultural land use by the Federal government. Jack Sherman’s
prior experience in the U.S. Air Force was with aerial photography
acquisition and imagery interpretation of target sites and damage
assessment; this was an ideal background to dovetail into civilian
photogrammetry. Much instrumentation utilized by such firms
was “surplus” acquired from the Air Force equipment auctions
and advertised in
Photogrammetric Engineering
.
The darkroom duties described by Jack were typical of a
commercial aerial photography and photogrammetric mapping
firm. The photo indexing was a process of quality checking for
coverage free of “holidays” or gaps while the image mosaicking
was a purely artistic task involving stretching cotton muslin cloth
over tables and soaking (and stretching) paper prints with paste
to match details. Some of those mosaics likely still remain in wall
frames in old county courthouses as relics of a now obscure art
form. Prior to the development of large-format digital printers,
copy cameras were typically made out of two rooms with a hole
mounted in a separating wall to mount a lens. Vacuum frames
were either factory-made or home-made with hand-routed grooves
and an attached household vacuum cleaner.
Aerotriangulation performed on blocks of aerial photos by
computational methods was preceded by mechanical slotted-
template methods in which dozens of employees would connect
overlapping photos with nuts, bolts, and slotted templates
to perform a “block adjustment by physically shaking entire
assemblies of hundreds of photos in order to achieve consistent
edge matches of compiled features.
Aerotriangulation has progressed significantly in terms of
computational power andmathmodels. Initial developments relied
on complex opto-mechanical universal stereoplotters invented
