172
March 2015
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING & REMOTE SENSING
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING
& REMOTE SENSING
J
ournal
S
taff
Publisher
Dr. Michael Hauck
Editor
Russell G. Congalton
Technical Editor
Michael S. Renslow
Assistant Editor
Jie Shan
Assistant Director — Publications
Rae Kelley
Electronic Publications Manager/Graphic Artist
Matthew Austin
Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
is the official journal
of the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. It is
devoted to the exchange of ideas and information about the applications of
photogrammetry, remote sensing, and geographic information systems. The
technical activities of the Society are conducted through the following Technical
Divisions: Geographic Information Systems, Photogrammetric Applications,
Lidar, Primary Data Acquisition, Professional Practice, and Remote Sensing
Applications. Additional information on the functioning of the Technical
Divisions and the Society can be found in the Yearbook issue of
PE&RS
.
Correspondence relating to all business and editorial matters pertaining to
this and other Society publications should be directed to the American Society
for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210,
Bethesda, Maryland 20814-2144, including inquiries, memberships, sub-
scriptions, changes in address, manuscripts for publication, advertising, back
issues, and publications. The telephone number of the Society Headquarters is
301-493-0290; the fax number is 301-493-0208; web address is
PE&RS
.
PE&RS
(ISSN0099-1112) is published monthly by the American So-
ciety for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite
210, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-2144. Periodicals postage paid at Bethesda,
Maryland and at additional mailing offices.
SUBSCRIPTION
.
For the 2014 subscription year, ASPRS is offering two op-
tions to our
PE&RS
subscribers -- an e-Subscription and the print edition.
E-subscribers can plus-up their subscriptions with printed copies for a small
additional charge. Print subscriptions are on a calendar-year basis that runs
from January through December. Electronic subscriptions run for twelve
months on an anniversary basis. We recommend that customers who choose
both e-Subscription and print (e-Subscription + Print) renew on a calen-
dar-year basis. The new electronic subscription includes access to ten years’
of digital back issues of
PE&RS
for online subscribers through the same
portal at no additional charge.
Please see the Frequently Asked Questions
about our journal subscriptions.
The rate of the e-Subscription (digital) Site License Only for USA and
Foreign: $899.00; e-Subscription (digital) Site License Only for Canada*:
$944.00;
Special Offers:
e-Subscription (digital) Plus Print for the USA:
$1,160.00; e-Subscription (digital) Plus Print Canada*: $1,224.00; e-Sub-
scription (digital) Plus Print Outside of the USA: $1,175.00; Printed-Sub-
scription Only for USA: $959.00; Printed-Subscription Only for Canada*:
$1,013.00; Printed-Subscription Only for Other Foreign: $974.00. *Note:
e-Subscription/Printed-Subscription Only/e-Subscription Plus Print for Can-
ada include 5% of the total amount for Canada’s Goods and Services Tax
(GST #135123065).
POSTMASTER
.
Send address changes to
PE&RS
, ASPRS Headquarters, 5410
Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-2144. CDN CPM
#(40020812)
MEMBERSHIP
.
Membership is open to any person actively engaged in the
practice of photogrammetry, photointerpretation, remote sensing and geo-
graphic information systems; or who by means of education or profession
is interested in the application or development of these arts and sciences.
Membership is for one year, with renewal based on the anniversary date
of the month joined. Membership Dues include a 12-month subscription to
PE&RS
. Subscription is part of membership benefits and cannot be deducted
from annual dues. Beginning with the January 2014 issue of
PE&RS
, all
members outside of the USA will receive access to the full digital edition of
the journal rather than the printed copy. Dues for ASPRS Members outside
of the U.S. will now be the same as for members residing in the U.S. Annual
dues for Regular members (Active Member) is $150; for Student members it
is $50 for USA and Canada; $60 for Other Foreign (E-Journal – No hard copy
for all Students); for Associate Members it is $100 (member must be under
the age of 35, see description on application in the back of this Journal). A
tax of 5% for Canada’s Goods and Service Tax (GST #135123065) is applied
to all members residing in Canada
COPYRIGHT 2015
. Copyright by the American Society for Photogrammetry
and Remote Sensing. Reproduction of this issue or any part thereof (except
short quotations for use in preparing technical and scientific papers) may be
made only after obtaining the specific approval of the Managing Editor. The
Society is not responsible for any statements made or opinions expressed
in technical papers, advertisements, or other portions of this publication.
Printed in the United States of America.
PERMISSION TO PHOTOCOPY
.
The appearance of the code at the bottom of the
first page of an article in this journal indicates the copyright owner’s consent
that copies of the article may be made for personal or internal use or for the
personal or internal use of specific clients. This consent is given on the condi-
tion, however, that the copier pay the stated per copy fee of $3.00 through the
Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, Massachu-
setts 01923, for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the
U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying,
such as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional pur-
poses, for creating new collective works, or for resale.
LETTER FROM HEATHER
STAVERMAN, CMP, ASSISTANT
COMMUNICATIONS DIRECTOR
AND MEETINGS MANAGER
continued on page 188
Dear Readers,
ASPRS
Conferences
are
Changing
RE-Designed, RE-Imagined and
RE-Thought – Have you seen
this tag line throughout ASPRS
publications, on our web site and
in partnering media? Well, if you
haven’t seen it yet…you certainly
will begin to see it more! ASPRS
conferences are changing and the
changehas begunwitha rebranding
of the annual conference.
The new ASPRS annual
conference is now being referred to as IGTF or the Imaging and
Geospatial Technology Forum. This new brand gives ASPRS
annual conferences a fresh and recognizable name, something
easy to say, that is memorable and catchy. Say it to yourself…
IGTF…it just has a ring to it.
The Imaging and Geospatial Technology Forum
The redesign was created to encompass the broadest terms for
our industry, “Imaging” and “Geospatial”, while incorporating the
idea of “Technology” as the center and reason we all come together.
Plus, ASPRS conferences have recently been described as being
“the place to come for the newest technology in the geospatial
industry”. So, we wanted to capitalize on the concept of “being THE
place to come for the newest technology”. With the use of “Forum”
instead of conference, this conveys and the actual dictionary
means is “to assemble or a meeting place for the discussion of
questions, promoting open discussion and sharing”. And the
sharing of ideas and open discussion is precisely the core value
for each ASPRS annual conference. All these elements together
formed the new look and feel for ASPRS annual conferences - The
Imaging & Geospatial Technology Forum (IGTF 2015).
The rebranding is only the first part to a changing annual
conference, the RE-Imagined part. Next, we knew it was important
to change the “feel” of the conference experience; to bring more
of your everyday business activity into the annual conference
sessions, create actionable items for attendees to take away and
apply in their everyday business lives. To bring about that change
in “feel”, you will notice a change in schedule for the IGTF 2015 in
Tampa, Florida. This is the RE-Designed part.
New “Feel”
The new “feel” of IGTF will be noticed in the reduced number
of concurrent technical sessions, the increased involvement for
the regular attendee, the shortened schedule and the enticing
and notable keynote speakers. The National Technical Planning
Committee (NTPC) – the newly formed (began in June 2012)
ASPRS annual conference planning committee – has been a
