584
August 2016
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING & REMOTE SENSING
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING
& REMOTE SENSING
J
ournal
S
taff
Publisher Dr. Michael Hauck
Editor Alper Yilmaz
Technical Editor Michael S. Renslow
Assistant Editor Jie Shan
Assistant Director — Publications Rae Kelley
Electronic Publications Manager/Graphic Artist Matthew Austin
Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
is the official journal
of the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. It is
devoted to the exchange of ideas and information about the applications of
photogrammetry, remote sensing, and geographic information systems. The
technical activities of the Society are conducted through the following Technical
Divisions: Geographic Information Systems, Photogrammetric Applications,
Lidar, Primary Data Acquisition, Professional Practice, and Remote Sensing
Applications. Additional information on the functioning of the Technical
Divisions and the Society can be found in the Yearbook issue of
PE&RS
.
Correspondence relating to all business and editorial matters pertaining to
this and other Society publications should be directed to the American Society
for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210,
Bethesda, Maryland 20814-2144, including inquiries, memberships, sub-
scriptions, changes in address, manuscripts for publication, advertising, back
issues, and publications. The telephone number of the Society Headquarters is
301-493-0290; the fax number is 301-493-0208; web address is
.
PE&RS
.
PE&RS
(ISSN0099-1112) is published monthly by the American So-
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. Copyright by the American Society for Photogrammetry
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In early May 2016, an algae bloom grew to cover 85 square kilometers (33 square miles)
of Florida’s Lake Okeechobee. The conditions that gave rise to the bloom have persisted
into July, and have been blamed for affecting water quality downstream all the way to
the Atlantic Ocean.
The blue-green algae bloom is visible in this image of Lake Okeechobee, acquired on
July 2, 2016, by the Operational Land Imager (OLI) on the Landsat 8 satellite. The nat-
ural-color image combines red light, green light, and coastal aerosol (blue) light (bands
4, 3 and 1).
Blue-green algae, also known as cyanobacteria, are single-celled organisms that rely
on photosynthesis to turn sunlight into food. The bacteria grow swiftly when nutrients
like phosphorus and nitrogen are abundant in still water. The bloom pictured here may
contain blue-green algae, as well as other types of phytoplankton; only a surface sample
can confirm the exact composition of a bloom.
Algae blooms are a regular phenomenon in Lake Okeechobee during the summertime.
Pollution, such as runoff from farms, and lake water that warms through the summer,
create an environment favorable for growth. This year the bloom grew large early in the
season and it affected more people than usual, showing up far beyond the confines of
the lakeshore.
Water managers started discharging water from the lake early this year to counter the
large amount of winter rainfall. That discharge flows through St. Lucie Canal—visible
on the lake’s eastern side—and enters the Atlantic Ocean near Stuart, Florida. The river
outflow carried nitrogen and phosphorous from the lake; it also freshened some down-
stream areas that are usually too salty for much algae growth. On June 29, Florida’s
governor declared a state of emergency in Martin and St. Lucie counties after the blooms
appeared in local waterways.
According to news reports, water samples collected from the lake and from the river
near Stuart tested positive for high levels of toxins produced by the algae. The algae
and their toxins can disrupt ecosystems. They also pose concerns for human health, as
ingesting algae-tainted water can cause nausea, vomiting and, in extreme cases, liver
failure.
NASA Earth Observatory images by Joshua Stevens, using Landsat data from the U.S.
Geological Survey. Caption by Kathryn Hansen. For more information, visit
-
servatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=88311&src=eorss-iotd.
Algae Bloom
St. Lucie Canal
