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August 2017
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING & REMOTE SENSING
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PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING
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Publisher ASPRS
Editor-In-Chief Alper Yilmaz
Technical Editor Michael S. Renslow
Assistant Editor Jie Shan
Assistant Director — Publications Rae Kelley
Electronic Publications Manager/Graphic Artist Matthew Austin
Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
is the official journal of the
American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. It is devoted to the
exchange of ideas and information about the applications of photogrammetry,
remote sensing, and geographic information systems. The technical activities of
the Society are conducted through the following Technical Divisions: Geographic
Information Systems, Photogrammetric Applications, Lidar, Primary Data
Acquisition, Professional Practice, and Remote Sensing Applications. Additional
information on the functioning of the Technical Divisions and the Society can
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PE&RS
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The waters off of North Carolina’s barrier islands have been called a “graveyard
of the Atlantic.” Countless ships have wrecked here, due to the area’s treacherous
weather and currents and its expansive shoals. These shoals are, by definition,
usually submerged. But occasionally parts of them can rise above sea level.
These natural-color images, acquired by the Operational Land Imager (OLI) on the
Landsat 8 satellite, show the shoal area off of Cape Point at Cape Hatteras National
Seashore—the site of a newly exposed shoal nicknamed “Shelly Island.” The first
image was captured in November 2016. When the second image was acquired in
January 2017, waves were clearly breaking on the shallow region off the cape’s tip.
The site of those breakers is where the island eventually formed, visible in the third
image captured in July 2017. The new island measures about a mile long, according
to news reports.
“What exactly causes a shallow region to become exposed is a deep question,
and one that is difficult to speculate on without exact observations,” said Andrew
Ashton, a geomorphologist at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. “A likely
process would be a high tide or storm-driven water elevation that piled up sediment
to near the surface, and then water levels went down exposing the shoal. Waves
then continue to build the feature while also moving it about.”
While the exact mechanism for the formation of Shelly Island this year is mostly
unknown, the phenomenon is not uncommon. Cape Lookout, the next cape down
the barrier islands (to the southwest, beyond this image) has had several islands
form on its shoal over the past decade or two.
The shoreline and cape tips along North Carolina’s barrier islands are constantly in
motion. Cape tips are sculpted by waves and currents that hit from all directions.
Meanwhile, sediment is carried up and down the coastline and often deposited
near the cape tips. Each cape has a so-called “cape-associated shoal” lurking un-
derwater. These submerged mounds of sand can extend for tens of kilometers. They
are also very shallow, rising to anywhere from 10 meters to a few meters below
the surface in places.
“Tidal flows moving up and down the coast are diverted by the capes and result in a
net offshore current at cape tips and deposition at the shoals,” Ashton said. “Occa-
sionally, a portion of the shoal becomes exposed and forms an island.”
Credit: NASA Earth Observatory images by Jesse Allen and Joshua Stevens, using
Landsat data from the U.S. Geological Survey. Story by Kathryn Hansen.
Metadata
Sensor(s):
Landsat 8 - OLI
Data Date: November 16, 2016 - July 7, 2017
Visualization Date: July 10, 2017
To see the full image, visit
