14
January 2015
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING & REMOTE SENSING
continued on page 18
able to pick the thing up for the last 30 years. – Ed.)
Some of
the BC-4 camera systems were transferred to the U.S. Coast
& Geodetic Survey for the BC-4 Photogrammetric Geodesy
program of the 1960s and early 1970s and were directed by
Dr. Schmid.
(I once was introduced to Dr. Schmid. He was
not impressed with a U.S. Army Captain; I got a grunt for an
acknowledgement. – Ed.)
The remainder of the BC-4 camera
systems were transferred to the Kwajalein atoll for missile
defense testing, their original purpose.
Thanks to Mr. Ed Carlson of NOAA, “There are at least 2
existing Marshall Island horizontal datums; the islands of
Kwajalein, Eniwetok, and Roi-Namur defined by the U.S. Air
Force in 1959 referenced to the International ellipsoid
(a
=
6,378,388 m,
1
/
f
= 297 –
Ed
.), and densified by the U.S. Coast
& Geodetic Survey (USC&GS), now NGS, during 1960-63, and
the island of Majuro defined by the U.S. Geological Survey
(USGS) referenced to the Clarke 1866 ellipsoid
(a
= 6,378,206.4
m,
b
= 6,356,583.8 m –
Ed.)
. Differences in positions (latitude
and longitude) between the these datums and a geocentric
reference system defined by GPS can vary in excess of over 320
meters across the country.”
Thanks to Mr. John W. Hager, “Ailinginae (1952,) at 6
Astro, Φ
o
= 11° 06´ 48.5˝ N, Λ
o
= 166° 28´ 43.4˝ E, α
o
= 279° 18´
43.0˝ to 7 from south, International, H
o
= 2.1 m. Ailinglapalap
(1951), at 2 Astro, Φ
o
= 7° 17´ 22.3˝ N, Λ
o
= 168° 44´ 39.1˝ E,
International, H
o
= 7 ft. Ailuk (1951,) at 1 Astro, Φ
o
= 10° 12´
50.3 N, Λ
o
= 169° 58´ 46.8˝ E, α
o
= 230° 03´ 19.9˝ to 2 from
south, International. Aon Island, code APB, Φ
o
= 11° 13´ 04.79˝
E, Λ
o
= 169° 45´ 53.04˝ E. Arno (1951), at 2 Astro, Φ
o
= 7° 03´
01.3 N., Λ
o
= 171° 33´ 28.1˝ E, α
o
= 178° 56´ 24.4˝ to 2a from
south, International, H
o
= 2.3 m. Arumenii Island, code ARB,
Φ
o
= 12° 14´ 53.5˝ N, Λ
o
= 170° 07´ 44.4˝ E. Aur (1951), at 1a,
Astro Point, Φ
o
= 8° 18´ 54.9˝ N, Λ
o
= 171° 09´ 10.8˝ E, α
o
= 327°
24´ 21.8˝ to 26a from south, International, H
o
= 1.5 m. Bikar
(1952), at Astro Point, Φ
o
= 12° 14´ 25.11˝ N, Λ
o
= 170° 07´
53.93˝ E, α
o
= 321° 56´ 28.7˝ to 8 from south, International, H
o
= 5.8 ft. Bikini (1946), code BIK, at BIK, Φ
o
= 11° 37´ 54.5˝ N,
Λ
o
= 165° 31´ 17.5˝ E, α
o
= 118° 45´ 55.5˝ to MON from south,
Clarke 1866. Scaled from Japanese Chart 458 (1:50,000,
1926), which was copied as H.O. Chart 6032 (1944) by U.S.S.
Sumner and Bowditch. Stellar α
o
by Sumner. Used by Holmes
& Narver, Inc. May also be defined as AIR (Beacon ˝ H˝ ), Φ
o
=
11° 30´ 24.906˝ N, Λ
o
= 165° 24´ 55.168˝ E, α
o
= 268° 00´ 01.4˝ to
ENYU from south. Also called USN 1946 and BIK (assumed).
Bokku Island, code BOK, Φ
o
= 9° 30´ 49˝ N, Λ
o
= 170° 00´ 04˝ E.
Bonto, code BON, Φ
o
= 8° 32´ 48˝ N, Λ
o
= 171° 06´ 53˝ E. Dalap
1968 Astro, at Dalap 1968, Φ
o
= 7° 05´ 14.0˝ N, Λ
o
= 171° 22´
34.5˝ E, Clarke 1866. Department of the Interior, Geological
Survey coordinate list. Dodo Island Observation Spot, code
DOA, Φ
o
= 7° 07´ 38˝ N, Λ
o
= 171° 41´ 06˝ E. Ebon (1951), at
Astro Point, Φ
o
= 4° 35´ 08.9˝ N, Λ
o
= 168° 41´ 14.7˝ E, α
o
=
223° 10´ 46.8˝ to 1 from south, International. Eniirikku 1919,
code ENG, Φ
o
= 11° 29´ 49˝ N, Λ
o
= 165° 20´ 22˝ E. Trig List,
Washington, D.C., Feb. 1970. Enijun Island, code ENJ, Φ
o
= 8°
36´ 05˝ N, Λ
o
= 171° 02´ 44˝ E. Eniwetok Astro 1944, code ENI,
at Eniwetok Astro Pier, Φ
o
= 11° 33´ 23.480˝ N, Λ
o
= 162° 21´
10.250˝ E, α
o
= 58° 44´ 57.70 to North Base from south, Clarke
1866, U.S.S. Bowditch. Also Privilege at Φ
o
= 11° 21´ 51.439
N, Λ
o
=162° 21´ 14.735˝ E, or ... 51.383˝ N and ... 14.736˝ E, or
Eniwetok of Holmes & Narver ... 51.466˝ N and ... 14.736˝ E.
Eniwetok-Wake 1960, code ENW, at Wake (8) , Φ
o
= 19° 16´
19.606˝ N, Λ
o
= 166° 39´ 21.798˝ E, Hough. Readjustment of
USAF 1959 Datum
(q.v.)
. Essentially the mean values based
on the absolute positions on Wake and Eniwetok. Enuebing
(1919), code ETS, at Eniibing, Φ
o
= 7° 17´ 25.50˝ N, Λ
o
= 168° 45´
11.90 E. From a tabulation of geographic positions by J.H.O.
Enyvertok (Eniwetok) Island, code ENH, at Observation spot,
Φ
o
= 11° 17´ 43˝ N, Λ
o
= 167° 28´ 27˝ E. Erappu Channel, code
ERA, Φ
o
= 10° 19´ 34.9˝ N, Λ
o
= 169° 54´ 23.5˝ E. Jaluit Astro,
code ASK, as 61a, Φ
o
= 5° 55´ 19.5˝ N, Λ
o
=169° 38´ 37.2˝ E, α
o
=
18° 30´ 07.0˝ to 59 from south, International, H
o
= 2.2 m. Jemo
(1951), code ASD, at A (Astro), Φ
o
= 10° 04´ 47.5˝ N, Λ
o
= 169°
31´ 18.6˝ E, International, H
o
= 9.0 ft. Kili, code KKM, at Kili
Island W. Coast Observation Spot (1923), Φ
o
= 5° 38´ 47˝ , Λ
o
=
169° 07´ 00˝ E. Kwajalein Astro 1952, code ASJ, at Station 42,
Ennylabegan I., Φ
o
= 8° 47´ 19.2˝ ± 0.1˝ N , Λ
o
= 167° 37´ 26.8˝ ±
0.2˝ E, α
o
= 304° 33´ 39.0˝ ± 0.5˝ to 43 from north, International,
height = 2.39 ft. Observed by 71st Engineer Survey Liaison
Detachment with 60° astrolabe. Kwajalein Astro U.S. Navy
1944, code KWA, at Astro, Φ
o
= 8° 44´ 06.33˝ N, Λ
o
= 167° 44´
28.63˝ E. Prismatic astrolabe used with chronograph checked
by radio time signals. Approximately 300 stars computed.
Observed by LT. E. V. Mohl, U.S.N.R., U.S.H.O., March 1944.
Lae (1952), at 2. Astro Point, Φ
o
= 8° 55´ 31.6˝ N, Λ
o
= 166° 15´
58.6˝ E, α
o
= 64° 07´ 56.1˝ to 1 from south, International, H
o
=
5.7 ft. Leuen Anchorage Observation Spot, code LET, Φ
o
= 7°
45´ 32˝ N., Λ
o
= 168° 13´ 23˝ E. Likiep, code LIK (?), at South
Pass Reef. Φ
o
= 9° 50´ 22˝ N, Λ
o
= 169° 13´ 23˝ E. Likiep, code
LIK (?), at 1 Astro Point, Φ
o
= 9° 50´ 24.1˝ N, Λ
o
= 169° 18´ 51.3˝
E, α
o
= 126° 00´ 14.9˝ to 2 from south, International, H
o
= 5.0 ft.
Lotj Island, code LAD, at Observation Spot, Φ
o
= 8° 55´ 18˝ N.,
Λ
o
= 166° 12´ 58˝ E. Majuro Astro, 1944, code MAJ, at Majuro
Astro, 1944, Φ
o
= 7° 04´ 25.73˝ N, Λ
o
= 171° 19´ 18.08˝ E. U.S.S.
Bowditch, prismatic astrolabe used with chronograph checked
by radio time signals. Approximately 300 stars computed.
Majuro 1951, code ATR, at Astronomic Station No. 2, Φ
o
= 7°
05´ 02.2˝ N, Λ
o
= 171° 22´ 25.2˝ E, α
o
= 83° 53´ 22.9˝ to α mark
(1) from south, International, H
o
= 9.3 ft. Maleolap (1952), at
1. Astropoint, Φ
o
= 8° 54´ 15.5˝ N, Λ
o
= 170° 50´ 41.1˝ E, α
o
=
40° 04´ 27.4˝ to 2 from south, International, H
o
= 7.9 ft. Mejit
(1919), code MEC, at Astro Station B1, Φ
o
= 10° 16´ 54˝ N, Λ
o
= 170° 52´ 36˝ E. Mellu Island, code MEB, Φ
o
= 11° 21´ 38˝ N,
Λ
o
= 166° 59´ 13˝ E. Mili (1951), at 17a Astro Point, Φ
o
= 6° 01´
45.9˝ N, Λ
o
= 171° 56´ 50.6˝ E, α
o
= 134° 23´ 10.7˝ to 13 from
south, International, H
o
= 2.2 m. Namorik (1951), code ATQ,
at 1a Astro Point, Φ
o
= 5° 36´ 34.0˝ N, Λ
o
= 168° 06´ 08.3 E,
α
o
= 348° 14´ 35.1˝ to 2 from south, International, H
o
= 0.6 m.
Namu (1951), at 1. Astro, Φ
o
= 7° 45´ 47.6˝ N, Λ
o
= 168° 13´
14.2˝ E, α
o
= 303° 01´ 41.7˝ to 2 from south, International, H
o
=
4.5 ft. Pokaakku, code POK, Φ
o
= 14° 34´ 03˝ N, Λ
o
= 168° 57´
