172
April 2018
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING & REMOTE SENSING
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING
& REMOTE SENSING
J
ournal
S
taff
Publisher ASPRS
Editor-In-Chief Alper Yilmaz
Technical Editor Michael S. Renslow
Assistant Editor Jie Shan
Assistant Director — Publications Rae Kelley
Electronic Publications Manager/Graphic Artist Matthew Austin
Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
is the official journal of the
American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. It is devoted to the
exchange of ideas and information about the applications of photogrammetry,
remote sensing, and geographic information systems. The technical activities of
the Society are conducted through the following Technical Divisions: Geographic
Information Systems, Photogrammetric Applications, Lidar, Primary Data
Acquisition, Professional Practice, and Remote Sensing Applications. Additional
information on the functioning of the Technical Divisions and the Society can
be found in the Yearbook issue of
PE&RS.
Correspondence relating to all business and editorial matters pertaining to this
and other Society publications should be directed to the American Society for
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PE&RS
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Copyright by the American Society for Photogrammetry and
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As sea ice at far northern latitudes approached its annual maximum extent, the Mod-
erate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Terra satellite cap-
tured this natural-color image of sea ice and clouds off of Canada’s Newfoundland
and Labrador province. Though sea ice has been significantly below normal extent and
thickness across much of the Arctic, the ice in the Labrador Sea has been relatively
close to normal.
In this image, acquired by MODIS on February 18, 2018, the coastline, the sea ice edge,
and offshore clouds all present a clear edge to distinguish one from the next. Ice hugs
the coast, where it receives the full chilling effect of offshore winds, and the water is
shallower and fresher than in the open sea. The swirl patterns on the eastern edges
reveal areas where ice is new and has not yet consolidated into a solid sheet, so it is
more susceptible to stirring by winds and by ocean eddies.
The cloud streets to the right indicate strong and cold winds were blowing from west
to east from the interior of Labrador. The gap between the ice and the cloud streets
occurs because the cold winds need some “fetch” (a distance of open water) to pick up
moisture for cloud formation.
The Labrador Sea is a marginal sea that separates Arctic Canada and Greenland while
connecting the North Atlantic Ocean to the Arctic Ocean by way of Baffin Bay and Davis
Strait. The area is critical to the formation of cold, deep water masses that help drive
circulation in a phenomenon known as “the great ocean conveyor belt.”
The western half of the Labrador Sea is typically covered with ice from December
through late spring, though the extent varies considerably with local weather patterns
from year to year. As of mid-February 2018, sea ice extent in this region appeared to be
near or just above the long-term average, according to maps from the National Snow
and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). However, conditions in the rest of the Arctic have been
grim this winter. In fact, Arctic sea ice reached a record low for the month of January,
and conditions have not improved much in February. NSIDC reported Arctic sea ice
extent to be 9.4 percent below the 1981–2010 average.
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